![]() ![]() It became a world-renowned center for nuclear physics and chemistry research. She helped found the Radium Institute (now called the Curie Institute) in Paris, France. Marie was determined that research into radiation should continue after her death. ![]() In 1911 Marie was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, for the isolation of pure radium. The radioactivity of pure radium proved to be more than one million times as great as that of either uranium or thorium. Pure radium alone was not isolated until 1910 by Marie with the help of chemist André-Louis Debierne, one of Pierre’s pupils. Marie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in any subject. In 1903 Marie, Pierre, and Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. Scientists soon recognized the importance of this work. In 1902 Marie succeeded in isolating one-tenth of a gram of radium chloride that was entirely free from barium. Pierre devoted himself chiefly to the physical study of the new radiations. Pierre then joined Marie in the work that she had undertaken to resolve this problem and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and radium. Pitchblende, a mineral whose activity is superior to that of pure uranium, could be explained only by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity. Turning her attention to minerals, she found her interest drawn to pitchblende. She discovered that this was true for thorium at the same time as Gerhard Carl Schmidt did. Marie Curie died twenty-eight years after her husband as a result of excessive exposure to radiation.Following Henri Becquerel’s discovery (1896) of a new phenomenon (which she later called “radioactivity”), Marie decided to find out if the property discovered in uranium was to be found in other matter. She became the first female to hold a professorship in France. Marie was offered his post as a professor at the Sorbonne following his death. On April 19, 1906, a rainy day, Curie slipped and fell under a heavy horse-drawn wagon. In 1903, the Curies, along with Henri Becquerel, were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research. Pierre also voluntarily exposed himself to radiation to test its effects in 1900, after hearing of a similar study conducted by Friedrich Giesel. In 1898, the Curies announced the discovery of radium and polonium. They began doing research on radioactive materials together following Henri Becquerel’s discovery of radioactivity in 1896. In 1895, Curie married fellow physicist Marie Curie (née Sklodowska). In 1900, he became a professor in the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne. He later obtained a Doctor of Science degree from ESPCI and was appointed Professor of Physics. At the Sorbonne, Curie conducted studies on the electric properties of crystals and discovered piezoelectricity with his brother Jacques.Ĭurie joined the faculty of École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution) in Paris. He continued to research at the Sorbonne until 1883. In 1878, Curie received a License in Physics from the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne. ![]() He received much of his early education at home, where he showed an interest in mathematics. Pierre Curie (1859-1906) was a French physicist and winner of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.Ĭurie was born in Paris on May 15, 1859. ![]()
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